Antagonistic Potential of a Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (B. cereus PS1.1, B. cereus PS1.2, B. cereus PS1.4) Against the Patogent Fungus Ganoderma sp. Isolated from Basal Stem of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with Rot Disease
Phosphate-Solubilizing B. cereus vs. Oil Palm Ganoderma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.7024.2024Abstract
Ganoderma sp. is a pathogenic fungus whose attack can cause basal stem rot disease of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Disease control using phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), namely Bacillus cereus can be an alternative to biological control. The purpose of this study was to determine the antagonistic ability of PSB (B. cereus PS1.1, B. cereus PS1.2, B. cereus PS1.4) in inhibiting the growth of Ganoderma sp. BP1 and changes in hyphal morphology of Ganoderma sp. BP1 after antagonistic testing. The research was conducted from January to May 2023 at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. Antagonist testing used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatments consisted of Ganoderma sp. BP1 (negative control), 1% hexaconazole fungicide (positive control), PSB isolates PS1.1, PS1.2 and PS1.4. The test method used the dual culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media with each treatment repeated four times so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that PSB isolate PS1.4 had strong inhibition with an inhibition zone diameter of 11.01 mm, while isolates PS1.1 and PS1.2 had moderate inhibition with inhibition zone diameters of 9.43 mm and 9.45 mm, respectively, against Ganoderma sp. BP1. Hyphal morphology changes in of Ganoderma sp. BP1 that occurred after the antagonist test consist of lysed hyphae, twisted hyphae, hook-like hyphal tips, curly hyphae, bulbous hyphae, branched hyphae and bent hyphal ends.
References
Aranda, F.J., Teruel, J.A. & Ortiz, A. (2005). Further aspects on the hemolytic activity of the antibiotic lipopeptide iturin A. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Biomembranes, 1713(1):51-56.
Asril, M. (2011). Kemampuan bakteri tanah dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Ganoderma boninense dan Fusarium oxysporum secara in vitro dan uji penghambatan penyakit layu fusarium pada benih cabai merah. (Thesis). Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan.
Asril, M., Lisafitri, Y. & Siregar, B.A. (2022). Antagonism activity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria against Ganoderma philippii and Fusarium oxysporum of Acacia plants. Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science, 2(2):82-89. DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.118
Atlas, R.M. (2004). Handbook of Microbiological Media, Thrid Edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Cappucino, J.G. & Sherman, N. (2013). Manual Laboratorium Mikrobiologi. Jakarta: EGC. Penerjemah: Miftahurrahmah N. Ed ke- 8.
Claudia, K.M., Nursyirwani, N. & Effendi, I. (2021). Biodegradability of proteolytic bacteria in Mangrove ecosystems. Journal of Coastal and Ocean Sciences, 2(2): 120-126. DOI: 10.31258/jocos.2.2.120-126.
David, W.W. & Stout, T.R. (1971). Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay. Microbiology, 22(4): pp.659-665.
Dendang, B. (2015). Uji antagonisme Trichoderma spp. terhadap Ganoderma sp. yang menyerang tanaman Sengon secara in vitro. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea, 4(2): 147-156.
Djojosumarto, P. (2008). Panduan Lengkap Pestisida dan Aplikasinya. Jakarta Pusat: Agro Media.
Ekowati, C.N., Shintia, R., Umar, S. & Irawan, B. (2022). The potential of soil bacterial isolates from Liwa Botanical Gardens, West Lampung as phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH), 9(1): 83-89.,DOI: 10.23960/jbekh.v9i1.203.
Fitriatin, B.N, Dewi, Y.W. & Sofyan, E.T. (2020). Antagonism activity of phosphate solubilizing microbes and nitrogen fixing bacteria toward Fusarium sp. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 5(6): 1538-1540.
Flori, F., Mukarlina, M. & Rahmawati, R. (2020). Potensi antagonis isolat bakteri Bacillus spp. asal rizosfer tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L.) sebagai agen pengendali jamur Fusarium sp. Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 5(1): 111-120.
Halo, B.A., Al-Yahyai, R.A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S. & Al- Sadi, A.M. (2019). Talaromyces variabilis interferes with Pythium aphanidermatum growth and suppresses Pythium induced damping off of Cucumbers and Tomatoes. Scientific reports, 9(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47736-x.
Hu, J., Dong, B., Wang, D., Meng, H., Li, X. & Zhou, H. (2023). Genomic and metabolic features of Bacillus cereus, inhibiting the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by synthesizing secondary metabolites. Archives of Microbiology, 205(1): 8. DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03351-5.
Istikorini, Y. (2002). Pengendalian penyakit tumbuhan secara hayati yang ekologis dan berkelanjutan. Makalah Falsafah Saint (PPs 702). Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Javandira, C., Aini, L.Q. & Abadi, A.L. (2013). Pengendalian penyakit busuk lunak umbi Kentang (Erwinia carotovora) dengan memanfaatkan agens hayati Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens. Jurnal Hama dan,Penyakit Tumbuhan, 1(1): 90-97.
Kalam, A. & Mukherjee, A.K. (2001). Influence of hexaconazole, carbofuran, and ethion on soil microflora and dehydrogenase activities in soil and intact cell. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 39: 90-94.
Khotimah, S. (2021). Potensi jamur dan bakteri pendegradasi selulosa serta bakteri pelarut fosfat, penambat nitrogen non symbiosis, dan penghasil IAA pada berbagai tingkatan kematangan gambut sebagai kandidat biofertilizer. (Dissertation). Brawijaya University, Malang.
Liu, L., Wang, Q., Zhang, X., Liu, J., Zhang, Y. & Pan, H. (2018). Ssams2 a gene encoding GATA transcription factor, is required for appressoria formation and chromosome segregation in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9: 418172. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03031
Loekas, S. (2008). Pengantar Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Tanaman. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Lorito, M.G., Harman, E., Hayes, C.K., Broadway, R.M., Tronsmo, S.L. & Woo, Di Pietro, A. (1993). Chitinolytic enzymes produced by Trichoderma harzianum: antifungal activity or purified endochitinase and chitobiosidase. Phytopathol, 83(3): 302-307.
Mahmud, Y., Cindy, R. & Syukra, I. (2020). Efektivitas Trichoderma virens dalam mengendalikan Ganoderma boninense di pre nursery Kelapa Sawit pada medium gambut. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 11(1): 11-16.
Maznah, Z., Halimah, M., Ismail, S. & Idris, A.S. (2015). Dissipation of the fungicide hexaconazole in oil palm plantation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 22(24): 19648-19657. DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-5178-z.
Nisa, M., Aini, F. & Maritsa, H.U. (2020). Aktivitas antagonistik bakteri selulolitik asal rhizosfer Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap Ganoderma boninense Pat. Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi, 13(1): 9-19.
Prasetyo, E.A., Susanto, A. & Utomo, C. (2008). Metode penghindaran penyakit busuk pangkal batang Kelapa Sawit (Ganoderma boninense) dengan sistem lubang tanam besar. Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, 16(2): 77-86.
Pratiwi, A.R. (2002). Deteksi ergosterol sebagai indikator kontaminasi cendawan pada tepung terigu. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pangan, 8(3): 256-259.
Purnamasari, M.I., Prihatna, C., Gunawan, A.W. & Suwanto, A. (2012). Isolasi dan identifikasi secara molekuler Ganoderma spp. yang berasosiasi dengan penyakit busuk pangkal batang di Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 8(1): 9-15.
Rosmegawati. (2021). Peran aspek tehnologi pertanian Kelapa Sawit untuk meningkatkan produktivitas produksi Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Agrisia, 13(2): 73-90.
Sakinah, A.L. & Enny, Z. (2014). Resistensi Azotobacter terhadap HgCl2 yang berpotensi menghasilkan enzim merkuri reductase. Jurnal Sains dan Seni Pomits, 3(2): 84-86.
Sela, F.M., Rianto, F. & Syahputra, E. (2022). Pemanfaatan bakteri pelarut fosfat dalam mengendalikan penyakit hawar pelepah pada Padi Ciherang Merah. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 11(4): 225-232.
Semangun, H. (2008). Penyakit-Penyakit Tanaman Perkebunan di Indonesia. Yogyakart: Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Sijpesteijn, A.K. (1970). Biochemical modes of action of agricultural fungicides. World Review of Pest Control, 9: 85-93.
Situmorang, Y.A., Bakti, D. & Hasanuddin. (2015). Dampak beberapa fungisida terhadap pertumbuhan koloni jamur Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) Sorokin di laboratorium. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi, 1(3): 147-159.
Son, B., Yun, J., Lim, J.A., Shin, H., Heu, S. & Ryu, S. (2012). Characterization of LysB4, an endolysin from the Bacillus cereus-infecting bacteriophage B4. BMC microbiology, 12(1): 1-9. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-33.
Surendran, A., Siddiqui, Y., Saud, H.M., Ali, N.S. & Manickam, S. (2017). The antagonistic effect of phenolic compounds on ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes of Ganoderma boninense, causing basal stem rot in oil palm. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 19(6): 1437-1446. DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0439.
Suryanto, D., Wibowo, R.H., Siregar, E.B.M. & Munir, E. (2012). A possibility of chitinolytic bacteria utilization to control basal stems disease caused by Ganoderma boninense in oil palm seedling. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(9): 2053-2059. DOI: 10.5897/AJMR11.1343.
Suryanto, D., Yeldi, N. & Munir, E. (2016). Antifungal activity of endophyte bacterial isolates from torch Ginger (Etlingera elicitor (Jack.) RM Smith) root to some pathogenic fungal isolate. International Journal of Pharm Tech Research, 9(8): 340-347.
Susanto, A., Prasetyo, A.E., Priwiratama, H., Wening, S. & Surianto, S. (2013). Ganoderma boninense penyebab penyakit busuk batang atas Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 9(4), 123-123.
Takayama, Y., Mamnun, Y.M., Trickey, M., Dhut, S., Masuda, F., Yamano, H., Toda, T. & Saitoh, S. (2010). Hsk1- and SCFPof3-dependent proteolysis of S. pombe Ams2 ensures histone homeostasis and centromere function. Developmental Cell, 18(3-3): 385-396.
Ummi, N. (2018). Uji Bakteri Antagonis Terhadap Perkembangan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Kelapa Sawit (Ganoderma boninense Pat.) di Laboratorium. (Thesis), Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang.
Wahyuni, M., Simanjuntak, J.H. & Sitompul, I.O. (2018). Efektivitas fungisida berbahan aktif heksakonazol terhadap penyakit jamur akar putih bibit tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis). Agrotekma: Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Ilmu Pertanian, 3(1), 1-10.
Waluyo, L. (2008). Teknik Metode Dasar Mikrobiologi. Malang: Universitas Muhamadiyah. Malang Press.
Widiantini, F., Yulia, E. & Nasahi, C. (2018). Potensi antagonisme senyawa metabolit sekunder asal bakteri endofit dengan pelarut metanol terhadap jamur G. boninense Pat. Agrikultura, 29(1): 55-60.
Yati, T. (2019). Kemampuan Bakteri Rizosfer Kelapa Sawit di PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro, Kalimantan sebagai Antagonis Jamur Ganoderma boninense Pat. Dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman. [Thesis], Universitas Lampung, Lampung.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
