The question of questions in Malaysian English
PDF

How to Cite

Mohamad Deli, R. (2013). The question of questions in Malaysian English. Issues in Language Studies, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.1672.2013

Abstract

This paper examined the forms that interrogatives and tag questions can take when used by young Malaysian speakers of English language in oral communication. It offers a description of the features for both question forms as produced by the respondents compared to those of Singapore English (SE) and Standard British English (SBE). The influence of domains and the issue of mother tongue interference in relation to the subjects’ usage of such features will also be investigated. Data were obtained through interviews with 19 Malaysian English (ME) speakers from three major ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia and via the recording of six conversations. The results showed various distinctive forms and features of questions in ME used by the speakers. Their usage is found to have a certain link to the domains of conversation. Further analysis revealed that mother tongue interference at the grammatical level, particularly in the case of Malay and Cantonese, plays a major role in determining the structure of ME interrogatives and tag questions as well as the subjects’ unvarying use of the rising intonation as regards the latter. As a result of this interference, ME tag questions used are found to be confined to four forms whilst both the structure of wh- and polar interrogatives experience reduction in the system of tense, auxiliary and operator when used by the subjects.

https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.1672.2013
PDF

References

Alsagoff, L., Bao, Z., & Wee, L. (1998). Why you talk like that?: The pragmatics of a why construction in Singapore English. English World-Wide, 19(2), 14, 247-260.

https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.19.2.05als

Asmah Haji Omar. (1993). Language and society in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Baskaran, L. (1987). Aspects of Malaysian English syntax. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of London, United Kingdom.

Baskaran, L. (1994). The Malaysian English mosaic. English Today, 37(10), 27-32.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078400000857

Baskaran, L. (2004). Malaysian English: Morphology and syntax. In B. Kortmann, K.

Burridge, R., Mesthrie, E. W. Schneider, & C. Upton (Eds.), A handbook of varieties of English (pp. 374-90). Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.

Borlongan, A. M. (2008). Tag questions in Philippine English. Philippine Journal of Linguistics, 39(1), Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph?index.php?journal= hsjakgdfeuwbrenmmzvrio&page=article&op=view&path[]=71&path[]=75

Cheung, Y. S. (1974). Negative questions in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 2(3), 325-339.

Cole, P., & Hermon, G. (1998). The typology of wh-movement and wh-questions in Malay. Syntax, 1(3), 221-258. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/ viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.79.8111&rep=rep1&type=pdf

https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9612.00009

Crewe, W. (1979). Singapore English and standard English: Exercise in awareness. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press.

Govindan, I., & Pillai, S. (2009). English question forms used by young Malaysian Indians. The English Teacher, 38, 74-94.

Gupta, A. F. (1994). Singapore colloquial English (Singlish). Retrieved from http://www. une.edu.au/langnet/singlish

Halliday, M. A. K., McIntosh, A., & Strevens, P. (1964). The linguistic sciences and language teaching. London, UK: Longmans.

Kader, B. H. M. (1981). The syntax of Malay interrogatives. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka.

Kow, Y. C. (1995). It is a tag question, isn't it? The English Teacher, XXIV. Retrieved from http://www.melta.org.my/ET/1995/main5.html

Lee, S. K. (1998). Manglish. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications.

Lim, C. L. (2009, February 13). What's the question again? The Star. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/

Low, E., & Brown, A. (2005). English in Singapore: An introduction. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

Mackey, W. P. (1970). The description of bilingualism. In J. Fishman (Ed.), Readings in the sociology of language. The Hague, Paris: Mouton de Gruyter.

Norrizan Razali. (1995). Tagging it the Malaysian style. The English Teacher, XXIV. Retrieved from http://www.melta.org.my/ET/1995/main5.html

Pillai, S. (2006). Malaysian English as a first language. In M. K. David (Ed.), Language

choices and discourse of Malaysian families: Case studies in KL, Malaysia (pp. 61-75). Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information Research Development Centre.

Platt, J., & Weber, H. (1980). English in Singapore and Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Oxford University Press.

Samida, D., & Takahashi, J. (n.d.). World Englishes (3): Malaysian and Philippine English. Retrieved from http://libro.do-bunkyodai.ac.jp/research /pdf/treatises/14/07 -samida.pdf

Sato, Y. (2011). Wh-Questions in colloquial Singapore English: Syntactic evidence for the Malay substrate hypothesis. Retrieved from http://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/001234

Ting, S. H., Mahanita Mahadhir, & Chang, S. L. (2010) Grammatical errors in spoken English of university students in oral communication course. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 10(1), 53-70.

Win Listyaningrum Arifin. (2011). Interference: Its role in the target language mastery to Indonesian learners. Register, 4(1), 99-115.

Wong, I. (1983). Simplification features in the structure of colloquial Malaysian English, In R. B. Noss (Ed.), Varieties of English in South East Asia (pp. 125-149). Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal

1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.

2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.

3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.

4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.

5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.

6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.