Subjek Nul Pro Bahasa Melayu: Suatu Penilaian Semula Berpandukan Kerangka Minimalis
PDF

Keywords

sub
pro
cangkerang Fk
korpus
kerangka Minimalis

How to Cite

Abdullah Zawawi, A. S. A., Mohamed Sultan, F. M. ., & Jaludin, A. . (2022). Subjek Nul Pro Bahasa Melayu: Suatu Penilaian Semula Berpandukan Kerangka Minimalis. Issues in Language Studies, 11(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.4122.2022

Abstract

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai semula kehadiran pro dalam bahasa Melayu dari perspektif teoretikal. Data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini dijana daripada Korpus DBP. Jenis data bagi kajian ini dipilih daripada ayat kewujudan yang tidak bersubjek zahir dan dianalisis menggunakan kerangka Minimalis. Kajian ini menyanggah kehadiran subjek pro bahasa Melayu yang dibincangkan Kader (2003). Kajian ini mencadangkan sub, mengisi posisi [Spes,FKALA] bagi ayat berklausa finit yang tidak bersubjek zahir. Kajian ini berpendapat pro tidak layak ditandakan dalam struktur bahasa Melayu kerana ciri-ciri kata kerja (K) bahasa Melayu tidak kaya dengan sebarang affiks yang mewakili subjek yang hadir bersama K seperti bahasa Itali. Kehadiran sub dalam ayat yang tidak bersubjek zahir pula dimotivasikan oleh fitur [N] yang dibawa oleh sub dan fitur tak berinterpretasi EPP [uN*] pada KALA. Kajian ini memperlihatkan pergerakan sub dari posisi [Spes,FK] ke posisi [Spes,FKala] bagi memenuhi EPP. Kajian ini juga menafikan Carnie (2006) yang mendakwa subjek nul hanya berlaku dalam bahasa yang memiliki Sistem Morfologi Keserasian Kaya sahaja. Sebaliknya, subjek nul wujud dalam bahasa Melayu dan kajian ini berpendapat bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa separa-pro-drop dan posisi subjek implisit diisi oleh elemen nul sub secara sejagat. 

https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.4122.2022
PDF

References

Ackema, P., & Neeleman, A. (2004). Beyond morphology. Oxford University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199267286.001.0001

Ackema, P., & Neeleman, A. (2007). Restricted pro drop in early modern Dutch. J Comp German Linguist, 10, 81-107.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-007-9010-0

Adams, M. (1987). From od French to the theory of pro drop. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 5, 1-32.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00161866

Adger, D. (2002). Core syntax: A minimalist approach. Oxford University Press.

Alsagoff, L. (1992). Topic in Malay: The other subject. [Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University].

Barbosa, P. (2011). Pro-drop and theories of pro in the inimalist program. Language and Linguistics Compass, 5(8), 571-587.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2011.00292.x

Caesar, R. O. (2020). Locative constructions in Dangme. Issues in Language Studies, 9(2), 52-77.

https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.2283.2020

Carnie, A. (2006). Syntax: A generative introduction (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing.

Chapman, S., & Routledge, C. (2009). Key ideas in linguistics and the philosophy of language. Edinburgh University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748631421

Che Man, M. A. F., & Mohamed Sultan, F. M. (2020). Ayat selapis dalam dialek Perlis menggunakan kerangka minimalis. Jurnal Linguistik, 24(1), 1-18.

Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program. MIT Press.

Chomsky, N. (2001). Derivationn by phrase. In M. Kenstowicz (Ed.), Ken Hale: A life in language (pp. 1-52). MIT Press.

Chomsky, N. (2008). On phases. In R. Freidin, C. P. Otero, & M. L. Zubizarreta (Eds.), Foundational issues in linguistics theory (pp. 133-166). MIT Press.

https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262062787.003.0007

Chomsky, N. (2015). The minimalist program. MIT Press.

https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262527347.001.0001

Crystal, D. (2008). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (6th ed.). Blackwell Publishing.

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444302776

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. (n.d.). Korpus DBP. http://sbmb.dbp.gov.my/korpus

Gadanidis, T., Kiss, A., Konnelly, L., Pabst, K., Schlegl, L., Umbal, P., & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2021). Integrating qualitative and quantitative analyses of stance: A case study of English that/zero variation. Language in Society, 1-24.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404521000671

Gluckman, J. (2021). Null expletives and embedded clauses in Logoori. Syntax, 24(3), 334-375.

https://doi.org/10.1111/synt.12212

Haegeman, L. (1994). Introduction to government and binding theory (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Hassan, A. (2006). Sintaksis. PTS Publications Sdn. Bhd.

Huang C. T. J. (1989). Pro-drop in Chinese: A generalized control theory. In O. A. Jaeggli, & K. J. Safir (Eds.), The null subject parameter (pp. 185-214). Springer, Dordrecht.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2540-3_6

Kader, M. (2003). Kategori kosong pro yang berfungsi frasa nama. Jurnal Bahasa, 3(3), 391-416.

Karim, N. S., Farid, M. O., & Haji Musa, H. (2010). Tatabahasa dewan edisi keempat. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Liaw, Y. F. (1985). Nahu Melayu moden. Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd.

Matthews, P. (2007). The concise Oxford dictionary of linguistics (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Meor Osman, W. R., & Meor Osman, W. S. (2021). Dinamik bahasa media dalam talian: Sumbangan terhadap perkamusan Melayu di Malaysia. Issues In Language Studies, 10(1), 37-58.

https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.2546.2021

Fromkin, A., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2001). An introduction to linguistics theory. John Willey & Sons.

Mustaffa, A. R. (2020). Null expletives in Malay. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 20(2), 224-243.

https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2020-2002-13

Omar, A. (2015). Nahu Melayu mutakhir edisi kelima. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Ortin, R., & Fernandez-Florez, C. (2019). Transfer of variable grammars in third language acquisition. International Journal of Multilingualism, 6(4), 442-458.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2018.1550088

Ouhalla, J. (2001). Introducing transformational grammar: From principles and parameters to minimalisme (2nd ed.). Edward Arnold Publishers Limited.

Radford, A. (2009). Analysing English sentences: A minimalist approach. Cambridge University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801617

Rizzi, L. (1986). Null object in Italian and the theory of pro. Linguistic Inquiry, 17(3), 501-557.

Roberts, I. (1993) Verbs and diachronic syntax. Kluwer.

Salleh, R. (1995). Penerapan teori kuasaan dan tambatan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Sobin, N. (2011). Syntactic analysis. Blackwell's Publishing.

Vainikka, A., & Levy, Y. (1999). Empty subjects in Finnish and Hebrew. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 17, 613-631.

https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006225032592

Wahab, K. A., Razak, R. A., & Sultan, F. M. (2016). The verb phrase construction in Malay: The minimalist program. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 24(S), 23-34.

Walton, M., Dewey, D., & Lebel, C. (2018). Brain white matter structure and language ability in preschool-aged children. Brain and Language, 176, 19-25.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2017.10.008

Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal

1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.

2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.

3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.

4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.

5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.

6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.